Archive for January 2013
Setahun lagi indonesia akan mempunyai roket nya sendiri.
"Namun, Lapan akan berupaya agar proses
peluncuran itu dapat dimajukan pada 2012 sebagaimana yang diminta DPR,"
kata Deputi Teknologi Dirgantara Lapan Dr Ing Soewarto Harhienata dalam
seminar "Diseminasi Perkembangan Roket dan Satelit di Indonesia" di Kantor Lapan, Jakarta, Rabu (29/7).
Soewarto menjelaskan, pihaknya sedang merancang roket bertingkat empat dengan dua RPS guna meluncurkan satelit pemantau Indonesia pada 2014. Sebagai pendahuluan, Lapan telah berhasil meluncurkan roket RX-320 pada 30 Mei 2008 dan RX-420, 2 Juli 2009, yang dilaksanakan di Stasiun Uji Terbang Pamengpeuk, Jawa Barat.
Hingga saat ini, sebagian proses pembuatan RPS-420 itu telah dilaksanakan dan telah diujiterbangkan meski masih membutuhkan beberapa perbaikan lagi. "Kalau secara persentase (RPS-420 itu) sudah selesai kira-kira 40 persen," katanya.
Tergantung pembiayaan
Karena proses pembuatan RPS-420 itu dianggap lancar, DPR meminta Lapan untuk mempercepat rencana peluncurannya. Kata Soewarto, DPR meminta Lapan untuk mengajukan proposal pembiayaan agar proses peluncuran itu dipercepat dan sudah dapat terealisasi pada 2012.
"DPR sudah mengetahui tidak ada masalah di bidang teknologi (persiapan RPS-420 itu), tetapi hanya di bidang pembiayaan," kata Soewarto.
RPS-420 itu diproyeksikan terlebih dulu pada kemampuan untuk mengorbitkan satelit di antariksa, tapi belum memuat peralatan untuk pemantuan di angkasa tersebut. Jika proyek RPS-420 itu berhasil, baru Lapan menyiapkan satelit untuk diluncurkan.
Di samping roket, Lapan juga terus mengembangkan teknologi satelit. Lapan TUB-SAT (Lapan A-1) yang diluncurkan pada 2007 merupakan satelit pertama yang sebagian besar desain dan produksinya dilakukan para insinyur Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Universitas Teknologi Berlin, Jerman.
Selama ini, peluncuran satelit tersebut dilakukan di Shiharikota, India, dengan roket buatan India. Lapan masih akan menggunakan roket India untuk meluncurkan satelit Lapan A-2 yang akan digunakan untuk telekomunikasi. Proses pembuatan satelit untuk komunikasi itu dilakukan bekerja sama dengan Orari.
Soewarto menjelaskan, pihaknya sedang merancang roket bertingkat empat dengan dua RPS guna meluncurkan satelit pemantau Indonesia pada 2014. Sebagai pendahuluan, Lapan telah berhasil meluncurkan roket RX-320 pada 30 Mei 2008 dan RX-420, 2 Juli 2009, yang dilaksanakan di Stasiun Uji Terbang Pamengpeuk, Jawa Barat.
Hingga saat ini, sebagian proses pembuatan RPS-420 itu telah dilaksanakan dan telah diujiterbangkan meski masih membutuhkan beberapa perbaikan lagi. "Kalau secara persentase (RPS-420 itu) sudah selesai kira-kira 40 persen," katanya.
Tergantung pembiayaan
Karena proses pembuatan RPS-420 itu dianggap lancar, DPR meminta Lapan untuk mempercepat rencana peluncurannya. Kata Soewarto, DPR meminta Lapan untuk mengajukan proposal pembiayaan agar proses peluncuran itu dipercepat dan sudah dapat terealisasi pada 2012.
"DPR sudah mengetahui tidak ada masalah di bidang teknologi (persiapan RPS-420 itu), tetapi hanya di bidang pembiayaan," kata Soewarto.
RPS-420 itu diproyeksikan terlebih dulu pada kemampuan untuk mengorbitkan satelit di antariksa, tapi belum memuat peralatan untuk pemantuan di angkasa tersebut. Jika proyek RPS-420 itu berhasil, baru Lapan menyiapkan satelit untuk diluncurkan.
Di samping roket, Lapan juga terus mengembangkan teknologi satelit. Lapan TUB-SAT (Lapan A-1) yang diluncurkan pada 2007 merupakan satelit pertama yang sebagian besar desain dan produksinya dilakukan para insinyur Indonesia bekerja sama dengan Universitas Teknologi Berlin, Jerman.
Selama ini, peluncuran satelit tersebut dilakukan di Shiharikota, India, dengan roket buatan India. Lapan masih akan menggunakan roket India untuk meluncurkan satelit Lapan A-2 yang akan digunakan untuk telekomunikasi. Proses pembuatan satelit untuk komunikasi itu dilakukan bekerja sama dengan Orari.
NBCNews.com melaporkan dalam situsnya menyatakan bahwa foto-foto itu diambil sebagai bagian dari upaya untuk menangkap gambar 360 derajat selama Curiosity melakukan perjalanan melalui Yellowknife Bay di Mars.
New Jersey berbasis jurnalis dan fotografer Ken Kramer telah mengumpulkan foto-foto Curiosity, menambahkan warna untuk memberikan pandangan yang realistis tentang apa yang rover temukan dan lihat di permukaan planet Mars.
Tapi apa yang benar-benar menarik perhatian orang adalah gambar mentah dari raw foto NASA yang satu pembaca di situs Above Top Secret menyebutnya "Bunga di Mars". Pada posting komentar dengan nama akun "Arken," menulis: Albedo (atau Reflektifitas dari cahaya matahari) dari obyek ini sangat tinggi,dan tampilannya tembus pandang serta bentuknya teratur (seperti putik).Ini adalah ANOMALI KEDUA yang terdeteksi oleh Curiosity di kawah Gale. "
Liat Gambarnya di sumber NASA Disini
NBC Alan Boyle menulis bahwa ia pada awalnya diasumsikan bahwa "bunga" itu sebenarnya hanya sepotong plastik yang telah jatuh dari robot penjelajah Curiosity.Sebuah peristiwa serupa juga pernah terjadi pada bulan Oktober.Jadi, Boyle bertanya pada juru bicara NASA Guy Webster.Menariknya, Webster membantah kalau itu adalah teori plastik.Dia menyatakan "Itu tampaknya menjadi bagian dari batu, bukan puing-puing dari pesawat ruang angkasa."
Non-Atmospheric Universal Transport Intended for Lengthy United States Exploration
atau yang disingkat dengan Nautilus-X, merupakan sebuah wahana pesawat
luar angkasa NASA yang ditujukan untuk misi jangka panjang ke Bulan atau
planet Mars. Pesawat ini dirancang dan diusulkan oleh Bigelow Aerospace dan mampu menampung 6 orang awak pesawat.
Menurut informasi NASA, pesawat ini merupakan pesawat yang dibuat dengan biaya yang relatif murah yaitu sekitar $3,5 miliar dan membutuhkan waktu pengerjaan selama 64 bulan.
Wahana ini juga sekaligus sebagai stasiun transit jika NASA ingin melakukan eksplorasi ke tata surya jauh. Mirip seperti ISS bedanya ISS bukanlah pesawat luar angkasa mandiri. Pesawat Nautilus-X didesain dengan desain modular dilengkapi dengan port docking untuk kapsul seperti Orion atau kapsul luar angkasa lainnya. Selain itu ada berbagai macam perlengkapan lainnya seperti solar array, tangki penampung air dan hidrogen yang dapat mengurangi bahaya radiasi kosmik bagi kru astronot, sistem komunikasi, sistem propulsi, cincin sentrifugal sebagai mesin untuk menciptakan gravitasi parsial dan sebagainya.
Untuk menguji pengaruh dan efek cincin sentrifugal terhadap manusia, maka mesin tersebut akan terlebih dahulu diuji coba di ISS.
Namun sampai saat ini Nautilus-X masih sekedar konsep dan peluncurannya pun masih belum diketahui dengan pasti
Menurut informasi NASA, pesawat ini merupakan pesawat yang dibuat dengan biaya yang relatif murah yaitu sekitar $3,5 miliar dan membutuhkan waktu pengerjaan selama 64 bulan.
Wahana ini juga sekaligus sebagai stasiun transit jika NASA ingin melakukan eksplorasi ke tata surya jauh. Mirip seperti ISS bedanya ISS bukanlah pesawat luar angkasa mandiri. Pesawat Nautilus-X didesain dengan desain modular dilengkapi dengan port docking untuk kapsul seperti Orion atau kapsul luar angkasa lainnya. Selain itu ada berbagai macam perlengkapan lainnya seperti solar array, tangki penampung air dan hidrogen yang dapat mengurangi bahaya radiasi kosmik bagi kru astronot, sistem komunikasi, sistem propulsi, cincin sentrifugal sebagai mesin untuk menciptakan gravitasi parsial dan sebagainya.
Untuk menguji pengaruh dan efek cincin sentrifugal terhadap manusia, maka mesin tersebut akan terlebih dahulu diuji coba di ISS.
Namun sampai saat ini Nautilus-X masih sekedar konsep dan peluncurannya pun masih belum diketahui dengan pasti
Pertanyaan :
Jawaban :
- Pertama-tama, awan masih dalam kondisi netral alias jumlah proton dan nerutron sama. terus, pas hujan badai, terjadi gesekan antara awan dan udara dan jadilah awan bermuatan listrik alias neutronnya lebih banyak daripada proton. kalo awan lewat gedung yang tinggi, elektron awan akan menarik proton ke puncak gedung. karena perbedaan jenis muatan awan dengan puncak gedung menyebabkan medan listrik. apabila muatan pada awan bertambah, gaya elektrostatis akan memaksa muatan negatif meloncat secara tiba-tiba dari dasar awan ke puncak gedung yang disertai dengan bunga api listrik. nah, gitulah caranya petir nyambar gedung. dari cerita diatas, berarti pas hujan, awan yang bergesekan dengan udara dan menjadi bermuatan listrik(elektron lebih banyak dari proton) sudah menyiap-nyiaokan petirnya kalo ketemu sama benda yang tinggi-tinggi. makanya pas hujan orang juga bilang jangan teduh ketempat yang tinggi.proton : partikel yang bermuatan positif, elektron : partikel yang bermuatan negatif.
- Proses Terjadinya:
Petir terjadi akibat perpindahan muatan negatif (elektron) menuju ke muatan positif (proton). Para ilmuwan menduga lompatan bunga api listriknya sendiri terjadi, ada beberapa tahapan yang biasanya dilalui. Pertama adalah pemampatan muatan listrik pada awan bersangkutan. Umumnya, akan menumpuk di bagian paling atas awan adalah listrik muatan negatif; di bagian tengah adalah listrik bermuatan positif; sementara di bagian dasar adalah muatan negatif yang berbaur dengan muatan positif. Pada bagian bawah inilah petir biasa berlontaran.
Petir dapat terjadi antara:
Awan denqan awan
Dalam awan itu sendiri
Awan ke udara
Awan denqan tanah (bumi)
Besar medan listrik minimal yang memungkinkan terpicunya petir ini adalah sekitar 1.000.000 volt per meter.
- January 3, 4 - Quadrantids Meteor Shower.
The Quadrantids are an above average shower, with up to 40 meteors per
hour at their peak. The shower usually peaks on January 3 & 4, but
some meteors can be visible from January 1 - 5. The near last quarter
moon will hide many of the fainter meteors with its glare. Best viewing
will be from a dark location after midnight. Look for meteors
radiating from the constellation Bootes.
- January 11 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 19:44 UTC.
- January 27 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 04:38 UTC.
- February 10 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 07:20 UTC.
- February 25 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 20:26 UTC.
- March 11 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 19:51 UTC.
- March 20 - March Equinox.
The March equinox occurs at 11:02 UTC. The Sun will shine directly on
the equator and there will be nearly equal amounts of day and night
throughout the world. This is also the first day of spring (vernal
equinox) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of fall (autumnal
equinox) in the southern hemisphere.
- March 27 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 09:27 UTC.
- April 10 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 09:35 UTC.
- April 20 - Astronomy Day Part 1.
Astronomy Day is an annual event intended to provide a means of
interaction between the general public and various astronomy
enthusiasts, groups and professionals. The theme of Astronomy Day is
"Bringing Astronomy to the People," and on this day astronomy and
stargazing clubs and other organizations around the world will plan
special events. You can find out about special local events by
contacting your local astronomy club or planetarium. You can also find more about Astronomy Day by checking the Web site for the Astronomical League.
- April 21, 22 - Lyrids Meteor Shower.
The Lyrids are an average shower, usually producing about 20 meteors
per hour at their peak. These meteors can produce bright dust trails
that last for several seconds. The shower usually peaks on April 21
& 22, although some meteors can be visible from April 16 - 25. The
gibbous moon could be a problem this year, hiding many of the fainter
meteors in its glare. It will set before sunrise, providing a short
window of dark skies. Look for meteors radiating from the constellation
of Lyra after midnight.
- April 25 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 19:57 UTC.
- April 25 - Partial Lunar Eclipse. The eclipse will be visible throughout most of Africa, Europe, Asia, and Australia.
(NASA Map and Eclipse Information)
- April 28 - Saturn at Opposition. The ringed planet
will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully
illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view and photograph
Saturn and its moons.
- May 5, 6 - Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower.
The Eta Aquarids are a light shower, usually producing about 10
meteors per hour at their peak. The shower's peak usually occurs on May
5 & 6, however viewing should be good on any morning from May 4 -
7. The crescent moon will hang around for the show, but should not
cause too many problems. The radiant point for this shower will be in
the constellation Aquarius. Best viewing is usually to the east after
midnight, far from city lights.
- May 10 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 00:28 UTC.
- May 10 - Annular Solar Eclipse. The path of annularity will begin in western Australia and move east across the central Pacific Ocean. (NASA Map and Eclipse Information)
- May 25 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 04:25 UTC.
- May 28 - Conjunction of Venus and Jupiter. The two bright planets will be within 1 degree of each other in the evening sky. The planet Mercury will also will also be visible nearby. Look to the west near sunset.
- May 25 - Penumbral Lunar Eclipse. The eclipse will be visible throughout most of North America, South America, western Europe, and western Africa. (NASA Map and Eclipse Information)
- June 8 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 15:56 UTC.
- June 21 - June Solstice.
The June solstice occurs at 05:04 UTC. The North Pole of the earth
will be tilted toward the Sun, which will have reached its northernmost
position in the sky and will be directly over the Tropic of Cancer at
23.44 degrees north latitude. This is the first day of summer (summer
solstice) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of winter (winter
solstice) in the southern hemisphere.
- June 8 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 15:56 UTC.
- June 23 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 11:32 UTC.
- July 8 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 07:14 UTC.
- July 22 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 18:15 UTC.
- July 28, 29 - Southern Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower.
The Delta Aquarids can produce about 20 meteors per hour at their
peak. The shower usually peaks on July 28 & 29, but some meteors
can also be seen from July 18 - August 18. The radiant point for this
shower will be in the constellation Aquarius. The last quarter moon
will be around for the show and may hide some of the fainter meteors.
Best viewing is usually to the east after midnight.
- August 6 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 21:51 UTC.
- August 12, 13 - Perseids Meteor Shower.
The Perseids is one of the best meteor showers to observe, producing
up to 60 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower's peak usually
occurs on August 13 & 14, but you may be able to see some meteors
any time from July 23 - August 22. The radiant point for this shower
will be in the constellation Perseus. The near first quarter moon will
set before midnight, leaving optimal conditions and dark skies for what
should be an awesome show. Find a location far from city lights and
look to the northeast after midnight.
- August 21 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 01:45 UTC.
- August 27 - Neptune at Opposition. The blue planet
will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully
illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view Neptune. Due to
its distance, it will only appear as a tiny blue dot in all but the
most powerful telescopes.
- September 5 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 11:36 UTC.
- September 19 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 11:13 UTC.
- September 22 - September Equinox.
The September equinox occurs at 20:44 UTC. The Sun will shine directly
on the equator and there will be nearly equal amounts of day and night
throughout the world. This is also the first day of fall (autumnal
equinox) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of spring (vernal
equinox) in the southern hemisphere.
- October 3 - Uranus at Opposition. The blue-green planet
will be at its closest approach to Earth and its face will be fully
illuminated by the Sun. This is the best time to view Uranus. Due to
its distance, it will only appear as a tiny blue-green dot in all but
the most powerful telescopes.
- October 12 - Astronomy Day Part 2. Astronomy
Day is an annual event intended to provide a means of interaction
between the general public and various astronomy enthusiasts, groups and
professionals. The theme of Astronomy Day is "Bringing Astronomy to
the People," and on this day astronomy and stargazing clubs and other
organizations around the world will plan special events. You can find
out about special local events by contacting your local astronomy club
or planetarium. You can also find more about Astronomy Day by checking the Web site for the Astronomical League.
- October 5 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 00:34 UTC.
- October 18 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 23:38 UTC.
- October 18 - Penumbral Lunar Eclipse. The eclipse will be visible throughout most of the world except for Australia and extreme eastern Siberia. (NASA Map and Eclipse Information)
- October 21, 22 - Orionids Meteor Shower.
The Orionids is an average shower producing about 20 meteors per hour
at their peak. This shower usually peaks on the 21st, but it is highly
irregular. A good show could be experienced on any morning from October
20 - 24, and some meteors may be seen any time from October 17 - 25.
The gibbous moon will be a problem this year, hiding all but the
brightest meteors with its glare. Best viewing will be to the east
after midnight. Be sure to find a dark location far from city lights.
- November 3 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 12:50 UTC.
- November 3 - Hybrid Solar Eclipse.
The eclipse path will begin in the Atlantic Ocean off the eastern
coast of the United States and move east across the Atlantic and across
central Africa. (NASA Map and Eclipse Information)
- November 17 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 15:16 UTC.
- November 17, 18 - Leonids Meteor Shower.
The Leonids is one of the better meteor showers to observe, producing
an average of 40 meteors per hour at their peak. The shower itself has a
cyclic peak year every 33 years where hundreds of meteors can be seen
each hour. The last of these occurred in 2001. The shower usually peaks
on November 17 & 18, but you may see some meteors from November 13
- 20. The full moon will prevent this from being a great show this
year, but with up to 40 meteors per hour possible, this could still be a
good show. Look for the shower radiating from the constellation Leo
after midnight.
- December 3 - New Moon. The Moon will be directly between the Earth and the Sun and will not be visible from Earth. This phase occurs at 00:22 UTC.
- December 13, 15 - Geminids Meteor Shower.
Considered by many to be the best meteor shower in the heavens, the
Geminids are known for producing up to 60 multicolored meteors per hour
at their peak. The peak of the shower usually occurs around December 13
& 14, although some meteors should be visible from December 6 -
19. The radiant point for this shower will be in the constellation
Gemini. The gibbous moon could be a problem this year, hiding man of
the fainter meteors. But with up to 60 meteors per hour predicted, this
should still be a good show. Best viewing is usually to the east after
midnight from a dark location.
- December 17 - Full Moon.
The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be
fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 09:28 UTC.
- December 21 - December Solstice. The December solstice occurs at 17:11 UTC. The South Pole of the earth will be tilted toward the Sun, which will have reached its southernmost position in the sky and will be directly over the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.44 degrees south latitude. This is the first day of winter (winter solstice) in the northern hemisphere and the first day of summer (summer solstice) in the southern hemisphere.
